Since independence, the pattern of milk production has been changing very sharply. After independence, the rate of growth of milk production was so dismal that it was lower than the rate growth of population. Consequently, India saw sharp decline in per capita availability of milk until mid ‘seventies. After Operation Flood was implemented the rate of growth in milk production was fast enough that the per capita availability of milk has been continuing to rise. Trends in average annual growth rates of milk production from 1950 to 2015 are shown in Table 1. After Operation Flood came to a close in 1996, India saw decline in growth rate from 2000-01 onwards. This is clearly indicative of the fact that there is continuing need to invest for faster and continuous growth of the dairy sector.

Table 1: Average annual growth rate of milk production, 1950-2015.

Period

Growth Rate

(percentage)
1950-51 to 1960-61

1.64
1960-61 to 1973-74

1.15
1973-74 to 1980-81

4.51
1980-81 to 1990-91

5.48
1990-91 to 2000-01

4.11
2000-01 to 2010-11

4.22
2010-11 to 2014-15

3.65

 

Dairy development is a State subject. While there is need that the Central Government must continue to play active role in providing funds, the States cannot relinquish their responsibility for investment as well as in implementation of various dairy development programmes. It is important that all the States must give the importance that the sector deserves.

 An analyses has been attempted based on the trends in population and milk production of crossbred milch cows, indigenous milch cows and buffaloes across the States. The results are based on various livestock census data and milk production statistics as published by Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairy & Fisheries (DADF), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The analysis has been carried out for the Principal Milk Producing States (PMPS) and those that are Emerging Milk Producing States (EMPS). The 14 States that account for over 93 per cent of India’s milk production are considered as PMPS and the others as EMPS.

The PMPS and EMPS have been ranked through the analysis of the demographic changes amongst the milch animals belonging to the non-descript cattle, crossbreds and buffaloes as well as the growth in milk production in each of these three categories.

 

PRINCIPAL MILK PRODUCING STATES (PMPS)

PMPS: Growth in Population

This analysis is based on State-wise growth in the number of in-milk animals in crossbred, indigenous and buffalo categories for 1992 and 2012 as well as their milk yield during 1992-93, 2003-04, 2007-08 and 2012-13. The data was sorted for PMPS in the descending order for each category of animals-in-milk for growth in population (Tables 2, 3, 4) and in milk production (Tables 5, 6, 7).

It may be noted that population growth of crossbreds during the period 2003-2012 has been highest in Rajasthan followed by Gujarat, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh (Table 2). Growth of population of crossbreds has been slowest in Punjab, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu and surprisingly it has fallen by 24 per cent in Kerala.

 

Table 2: Population growth of crossbred milch animals of PMPS, 1992-2012.

State

1992

(‘000)

2003

(‘000)

2007

(‘000)

2012

(‘000)

Growth

percentage

(1992-2003)

Growth

percentage

(2003-2012)
Rajasthan

41

 235 397 860 473

266
Gujarat

121

 318 525 963 163

203
Bihar

59

 569 836 1,648 864

190
Madhya Pradesh

87

 136 205 383 56

182
Andhra Pradesh

205

 475 828 1,153 132

143
Uttar Pradesh

585

 642 791 1,660 10

159
West Bengal

397

 489 1,055 1,102 23

125
Karnataka

258

 903 1,259 1,732 250

92
Haryana

138

 263 268 486 91

85
Punjab

642

 741 683 1,134 15

53
Maharashtra

827

 1,389 1,623 2,038 68

47
Odisha

238

 386 332 529 62

37
Tamil Nadu

725

 2,352 3,071 3,083 224

31
Kerala

842

 791 745 605 -6

-24
TOTAL

5,165

 9,689 12,618 17,376 88

79

 

Population of indigenous milch cows (Table 3) has been increasing in Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. This has perhaps happened in areas that are still untouched by cross-breeding. There is substantial reduction noticed in Karnataka, Haryana, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. While the decline in population of indigenous cows in Punjab, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu seems to have been compensated by marginal increase in crossbreds, the decline in Kerala seems to be a clear loss of all types of milch cows.

 

Table 3: Population growth of indigenous milch cows of PMPS, 1992-2012.

State

1992

(‘000)

2003

(‘000)

2007

(‘000)

2012

(‘000)

Growth percentage

(1992-2003)

Growth percentage

(2003-2012)
Uttar Pradesh

5,768

 4,901 5,537 6,595 -15

35
Gujarat

1,878

 2,119 2,004 2,777 13

31
Rajasthan

4,189

 4,248 4,630 5,007 1

18
Madhya Pradesh

8,429

 5,704 5,995 5,930 -32

4
Bihar

4,954

 2,839 2,990 2,874 -43

1
Andhra Pradesh

2,171

 1,934 2,233 1,928 -11

0
Karnataka

3,396

 2,500 2,656 2,201 -26

-12
Haryana

477

 309 340 269 -35

-13
Maharashtra

4,442

 3,532 3,284 3,053 -20

-14
Punjab

386

 124 166 103 -68

-17
West Bengal

4,659

 5,293 5,004 4,286 14

-19
Odisha

3,677

 3,235 2,377 2,555 -12

-21
Tamil Nadu

2,228

 1,341 1,240 914 -40

-32
Kerala

759

 152 48 32 -80

-79
TOTAL

47,413

 38,231 38,504 38,524 -19

1

 

Growth in the population of milch buffaloes (Table 4) has been substantially high in Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Bihar and marginal in Haryana. Milch buffalo population has declined in all other States, highest decline being in Tamil Nadu where the population has almost halved during 2003-2012. The fall is also serious in Kerala which seems to be losing the population of both milch cows and buffaloes.

 

Table 4: Population growth of milch buffaloes of PMPS, 1992-2012.

State

1992

(‘000)

2003

(‘000)

2007

(‘000)

2012

(‘000)

Growth percentage

(1992-2003)

Growth percentage

(2003-2012)
Uttar Pradesh

9,412

 10,379 10,565 13,950 10

34
Gujarat

2,983

 3,937 4,390 5,079 32

29
Rajasthan

3,769

 5,222 5,400 6,322 39

21
Bihar

2,423

 2,679 2,846 3,113 11 16

Haryana

2,007

 2,725 2,704 2,765 36

1
Andhra Pradesh

4,462

 5,227 6,224 5,103 17

-2
Madhya Pradesh

2,940

 4,055 3,979 3,912 38

-4
Maharashtra

3,448

 3,476 3,325 3,171 1

-9
Punjab

3,168

 3,106 2,779 2,689 -2

-13
Karnataka

2,205

 2,215 2,374 1,898 0

-14
West Bengal

214

 247 174 156 15

-37
Odisha

388

 358 281 224 -8

-37
Kerala

105

 18 13 9 -83

-50
Tamil Nadu

1,420

 793 806 378 -44

-100
TOTAL

38,944

 44,437 45,860 48,769 14

3

 

PMPS: Growth in Milk Production

While all the PMPS have recorded positive growth in milk production (Table 5) from crossbreds, Bihar has been remarkable having recorded more than 8-times the milk production during 2003-2012 as compared to that during 1992-2003. Bihar is followed by Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

 

Table 5: Growth in milk production of crossbred milch cows of PMPS, 1992-2012.

State

1992

(‘000 tonnes)

2003

(‘000 tonnes)

2007

(‘000 tonnes)

2012

(‘000 tonnes)

Growth percentage

(1992-2003)

Growth percentage

(2003-2012)
Bihar

159

 157 986 1,444 -1.26

819.75
Rajasthan

NA

 157 681 913 –

481.53
Gujarat

199

 429 957 1,996 115.58

365.27
Madhya Pradesh

160

 158 253 635 -1.25

301.90
Andhra Pradesh

111

 899 1,268 2,501 709.91

178.20
Tamil Nadu

816

 2,045 4,971 5,580 150.61

172.86
West Bengal

648

 1,004 1,495 2,121 54.94

111.25
Karnataka

437

 1,398 1,610 2,515 219.91

79.90
Maharashtra

1,040

 1,956 2,763 3,416 88.08

74.64
Odisha

160

 467 648 730 191.88

56.32
Kerala

1,351

 1,856 2,030 2,639 37.38 42.19

Punjab

1,275

 2,089 2,231 2,782 63.84

33.17
Uttar Pradesh

562

 1,426 1,457 1,695 153.74

18.86
Haryana

164

 598 469 660 264.63

10.37
TOTAL

7,082

 14,639 21,819 29,627 106.71

102.38

 

Growth in milk production from indigenous milch cows (Table 6) has been recorded in all States except Haryana, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. In Kerala the fall in milk production from indigenous milch cows has been 93 per cent between 2003 and 2012, also because the population has seen a serious decline. Milk production has substantially gone up in Punjab, Odisha and Rajasthan. Increase in Punjab is truly noteworthy because this has happened despite the decline in the population of indigenous milch cows.

 

Table 6: Growth in milk production of indigenous milch cows of PMPS, 1992-2012.

State

1992

(‘000 tonnes)

2003

(‘000 tonnes)

2007

(‘000 tonnes)

2012

(‘000 tonnes)

Growth percentage

(1992-2003)

Growth percentage

(2003-2012)
Bihar

1,156

 854 1,958 2,319 -26.12

171.55
Punjab

228

 117 173 304 -48.68

159.83
Odisha

275

 321 754 750 16.73

133.64
Rajasthan

NA

 2,134 3,161 4,084 –

91.38
Madhya Pradesh

1,891

 2,005 2,248 3,358 6.03

67.48
Andhra Pradesh

769

 851 1,054 1,198 10.66

40.78
Uttar Pradesh

2,367

 3,014 3,353 4,242 27.33

40.74
Gujarat

995

 1,633 1,850 2,177 64.12

33.31
Karnataka

951

 1,070 1,214 1,404 12.51

31.21
Maharashtra

997

 1,207 1,034 1,313 21.06

8.78
West Bengal

2,116

 2,262 2,244 2,358 6.90

4.24
Haryana

502

 425 306 363 -15.34

-14.59
Tamil Nadu

1,266

 1,278 778 719 0.95

-43.74
Kerala

324

 136 98 9 -58.02

-93.38
TOTAL

13,837

 17,307 20,225 24,598 25.07

42.12

 

Andhra Pradesh recorded highest growth in milk production from milch buffaloes (Table 7) despite 2 per cent decline in their population. This is a very positive and significant development. Increase in growth rate of milk production has been recorded in all PMPS except Kerala. The growth has been exceptionally good in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Also, Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat and Karnataka recorded growth within a range of 43-49 per cent during 2003-2012.

 

Table 7: Growth in milk production of milch buffaloes of PMPS, 1992-2012.

State

1992

(‘000 tonnes)

2003

(‘000 tonnes)

2007

(‘000 tonnes)

2012

(‘000 tonnes)

Growth percentage

(1992-2003)

Growth percentage

(2003-2012)
Andhra Pradesh

2,222

 5,209 8,503 9,062 134.43

73.97
Bihar

1,506

 1,824 2,623 2,899 21.12

58.94
Uttar Pradesh

7,095

 10,512 12,957 16,184 48.16

53.96
Madhya Pradesh

2,472

 2,887 3,580 4,309 16.79

49.26
Rajasthan

2,393

 4,899 6,012 7,238 104.72

47.74
Haryana

2,976

 4,089 4,627 5,947 37.40

45.44
Gujarat

2,430

 4,116 4,856 5,900 69.38

43.34
Karnataka

1,188

 1,350 1,372 1,741 13.64

28.96
Maharashtra

1,869

 2,915 3,147 3,702 55.97

27.00
Odisha

105

 206 221 242 96.19

17.48
Punjab

4,036

 6,140 6,836 6,575 52.13

7.08
Kerala

109

 40 27.4 38 -63.30

-5.00
West Bengal

250

 302 240 230 20.80

-23.84
Tamil Nadu

1,387

 1,429 791 705 3.03

-50.66
TOTAL

30,038

 45,918 55,792.4 64,772 52.87

41.06

 

If we combine the milk production from all categories of milch animals during 2012-13 in the PMPS, we arrive at the ranking of these States as shown in Table 8.

 

Table 8: Ranking of PMPS based on their milk production.

milk production in ‘000 tonnes

Rank

 State Crossbred cows Indigenous cows Buffaloes Total

Percentage of Total
1 Uttar Pradesh

1,695

 4,242 16,184 22,121

17.35
2 Andhra Pradesh

2,501

 1,198 9,062 12,761

10.01
3 Rajasthan

913

 4,084 7,238 12,235

9.60
4 Gujarat

1,996

 2,177 5,900 10,073

7.90
5 Punjab

2,782

 304 6,575 9,661

7.58
6 Maharashtra

3,416

 1,313 3,702 8,431

6.51
7 Madhya Pradesh

635

 3,358 4,309 8,302

6.51
8 Tamil Nadu

5,580

 719 705 7,004

5.49
9 Haryana

660

 363 5,947 6,970

5.47
10 Bihar

1,444

 2,319 2,899 6,662

5.23
11

Karnataka

 2,515 1,404 1,741 5,660

4.44
12 West Bengal

2,121

 2,358 230 4,709

3.69
13 Kerala

2,639

 9 38 2,686

2.11
14 Odisha

730

 750 242 1,722

1.35
  All India

32,384

 27,421 67,675 127,480*

93*

*Balance volume of milk is from other species and other States.

 

PMPS: Evaluation Process

  1. To evaluate the performance of each one of the States, they were given commendation marks. The marks have been given on ascending basis for growth in buffaloes and crossbred cattle (Box 1).

2. But, for the growth in population of non-descript cattle, marks have been given on descending basis (Box 2). It is believed that any growth in non-descript population is a burden on the dairy economy. However for growth in milk production the marks have been given on ascending basis.

3. Thus, the States that have maintained growth in milk production through crossbreds and buffaloes have scored higher.

Ranking of PMPS: Growth of Population and Milk Production

Based on the marks to be given as suggested in Box 1 and 2, the States were given ranking for growth and milk production of crossbreds, indigenous and buffaloes and the marks were summed up for all the three categories. Results are tabulated in Table 9. It is interesting to note that Bihar has turned out to be the topper amongst all the PMP States. Next in performance are Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. It should be noted that Uttar Pradesh, despite being the highest milk producing State, is way down in its ranking based on rate of growth parameters. Obviously, this should be a matter of concern. So is the situation in Punjab and Haryana, the States that are known for highest per capita milk availability, are far too low in the ranking.

 

Table 9: Ranking of PMPS based on the growth of population and milk production.

State

 Crossbreds cows Indigenous cows Buffaloes

Total

Points
Population

Milk

production

 Points Population

Milk

production

 Points Population

Milk

production

Points
Bihar

3

 3 9 2 3 6 3 3 9

24
Rajasthan

3

 3 9 1 3 3 3 2 6

18
Gujarat

3

 3 9 1 2 2 3 2 6

17
Madhya Pradesh

3

 3 9 2 2 4 2 2 4

17
Andhra Pradesh

2

 2 4 2 2 4 2 3 6

14
Uttar Pradesh

2

 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 9

13
Karnataka

2

 2 4 3 2 6 1 1 1

11
Odisha

1

 1 1 3 3 9 1 1 1

11
Haryana

2

 1 2 3 1 3 2 2 4

9
West Bengal

2

 2 4 3 1 3 1 1 1

8
Maharashtra

1

 2 2 3 1 3 2 1 2

7
Tamil Nadu

1

 2 2 3 1 3 1 1 1

6
Kerala

1

 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1

5
Punjab

1

 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1

5

 

Some striking results have emerged from the analysis as can be seen from Table 9 are:

  • The ranking is a true indicator of the fact as to the management of milk producing population in various States. Whether this has any relationship with the projects/schemes on breeding, feeding and management of animals or with the investments made by the State/Central Government on animal husbandry and dairy development, is not known because study on such schemes and investments has not been carried out.
  • Surprisingly, Punjab and Haryana that have the pride of having highest and second highest per capita availability in milk production, appear towards the bottom in their ranking for having managed their milking population.
  • During the last ten years, Bihar apparently has managed its milk producing population the best. Also its rate of growth of milk production seems much better.

 

Figure 1. Spread of States based on Population and Production (total points)

 

Table 10: Ranking PMPS on growth in milk production.

Crossbreds

 Indigenous Buffaloes

Total Points

Bihar

 Maharashtra Gujarat

Bihar

Gujarat

 Gujarat Madhya Pradesh

Rajasthan

Madhya Pradesh

 Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra

Gujarat

Rajasthan

 Bihar Andhra Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

 West Bengal Kerala

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

 Rajasthan Bihar

Uttar Pradesh

West Bengal

 Karnataka Karnataka

Karnataka

Haryana

 Haryana Haryana

Odisha

Maharashtra

 Tamil Nadu West Bengal

Haryana

Tamil Nadu

 Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

West Bengal

Uttar Pradesh

 Kerala Tamil Nadu

Maharashtra

Kerala

 Punjab Uttar Pradesh

Tamil Nadu

Odisha

 Madhya Pradesh Punjab

Kerala

Punjab

 Odisha Odisha

Punjab

 

The PMPS have been ranked on the basis of their growth in terms of milk production from all the three categories of mich animals and also the sum total points scored by them (Table 10).

Ranking of PMPS on Productivity Index

The PMPS have also been ranked on the basis of productivity index of crossbreds, indigenous milk cows and buffaloes (Tables 11 & 12). Productivity index is a ratio of milk production to the population of milch cows/buffaloes. It obviously is an indicator of the growth in milk production per milch animal. Based on this index the best performers are Gujarat, Bihar, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. The worst performers on this indicator are Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. The lowest ranking clearly shows that the growth in milk production in these States is mainly because of the increase in milch animal population.

 

Table 11: Ranking of PMPS based on growth rate in productivity index.

State

 Crossbreds Indigenous Buffaloes

  Total   
Gujarat

3

 3 3

9
Bihar

3

 2 2

7
Maharashtra

2

 2 3

7
Rajasthan

3

 1 3

7
Tamil Nadu

3

 2 2

7
Haryana

1

 3 2

6
Kerala

3

 1 2

6
Odisha

1

 2 3

6
Karnataka

1

 3 1

5
Madhya Pradesh

2

 1 1

4
Andhra Pradesh

1

 1 1

3
Punjab

1

 1 1

3
Uttar Pradesh

1

 1 1

3
West Bengal

1

 1 1

3

 

Figure 2. Spread of States based on Productivity Index (total points)

 

 

Table 12: Ranking of PMPS based on growth rate productivity index of cattle and buffaloes.

Crossbred

Indigenous Buffaloes

Total

Bihar

 Gujarat Gujarat

Gujarat

Gujarat

 Haryana Maharashtra

Maharashtra

Kerala

 Karnataka Odisha

Rajasthan

Rajasthan

 Bihar Rajasthan

Bihar

Tamil Nadu

 Tamil Nadu Haryana

Tamil Nadu

Madhya Pradesh

 Maharashtra Bihar

Odisha

Maharashtra

 Odisha Tamil Nadu

Haryana

Andhra Pradesh

 Kerala Kerala

Kerala

Haryana

 Rajasthan Karnataka

Karnataka

Karnataka

 Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh

Odisha

 Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

Punjab

 Punjab Punjab

Punjab

Uttar Pradesh

 Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh

West Bengal

 West Bengal West Bengal

West Bengal

 

Based on rankings displayed in Table 10 and 12, the States have been dispersed on a 3×3 grid: high growth, medium growth, and low growth for milk production and population on the horizontal axis; and high productivity, medium productivity and low productivity rate of milch cows/buffaloes on the vertical axis. Interestingly, Bihar, Gujarat and Rajasthan fall in the high growth-high productivity sector. These are the best States and most promising as far as the future growth in milk production is concerned. These are the States that should obviously invite high investment in the dairy sector. Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu are also promising because their rate of growth in productivity is high. Madhya Pradesh has also high growth in milk production but it falls in medium productivity sector. It has a good future. The situation is not very promising for Punjab and West Bengal. They seem to be reaching a saturation point with lowest productivity index.

 

 

ELASTICITY OF MILK PRODUCTION

Elasticity of milk production with respect to increase in number of milch animals or change in productivity of animals are two critical inputs that would characterise the sensitivity of the factors that could contribute to increase in milk production.

Given the availability of data sets for PMPS for 4 time points (1992, 2003, 2007 and 2012) further analytics have been made to understand the magnitude and direction that increase in milch animals of different types have played in influencing milk production under the respective category of animals in Indian context.

Estimated elasticity coefficients for crossbred and indigenous cows as well as buffaloes are presented through Table 13. On the whole, the increase in number of crossbred cows in impacting milk production is found to be greater than unity, suggesting highly elastic behaviour, while the impact of the same in influencing production of buffalo milk and milk of indigenous cow is found to be positive but inelastic.

The inter temporal estimates of the elasticity coefficient suggest that while increase in the number of crossbred milch cows in impacting milk production is slowly declining, that of the same for indigenous cow is improving and the buffalo is remaining unchanged. This is one aspect that deserves consideration of the policy makers to improve the productive efficiency of the crossbred cows.

 

Table 13: Estimated elasticity of milk production with respect to increase in number of milch animals, 1992-2012.

Year

 1992 2003 2007

2012

Species

 Elasticity coefficient R2 Elasticity coefficient R2 Elasticity coefficient R2 Elasticity coefficient

R2

Non-descript cow

 0.27 0.02 0.68

 

0.75

 

 0.71 0.92 0.92 0.87

Crossbred Cow

 1.46 0.66 1.04 0.61 0.98 0.86 0.87 0.63

Buffalo

 0.96 0.88 0.89 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.65

0.53

Note: Number of State level data used for estimation is 14.

 

EMERGING MILK PRODUCING STATES (EMPS):

GROWTH IN POPULATION, MILK PRODUCTION & PRODUCTIVITY

 

These are the States whose population of milch animals and their milk production is amongst the lowest in the country and therefore their contribution to national milk production is considered very insignificant. This has been one of the major reasons that these States never found place in the national mainstream when Operation Flood was implemented. They also did not get much financial assistance from the central programmes earlier. The analysis carried out is to highlight the State(s) that have been slowly growing in milk production and therefore may be considered for entering the mainstream of dairy development. With the same approach followed hitherto, we have analysed the census data and generated the tables and productivity indices in respect of Emerging Milk Producing States (EMPS).

As is evident from Tables 14, 15, 16 and 17, Nagaland and Uttarakhand are States that stand on top of the list. It should be noted that the ranking is based on growth rates of the population of all categories of milch animals and milk production but not on absolute population or milk production.

While the total milk production in Nagaland is not much, Uttarakhand has potential to join the mainstream. Uttarakhand was a part of Uttar Pradesh that has the distinction of being India’s largest milk producing State contributing more than 17 per cent to the national milk production. Interestingly, Chhattisgarh is medium productivity and medium production index. It stands a great chance of moving up both in productivity as well as in the production index. With dairy centric programmes and investment, Uttarakhand as well as Chhattisgarh have great potential to evolve into prominent dairying States.

From Box 4, it is clear that Uttarakhand falls in the category where growth in milch animal populations — milk production and productivity index are the highest and Chhatisgarh right in the centre.

 

Table 14: Population growth in EMPS of milch crossbreds and indigenous cows and buffaloes, 2003 and 2012.

Crossbred cows

 Indigenous cows

Buffaloes

State

 

2003

(‘000)

2012

(‘000)

Growth

Percentage

State

 

2003

(‘000)

2012

(‘000)

Growth

Percentage

State

 

2003

(‘000)

2012

(‘000)

Growth

Percentage

Uttarakhand

 99 242 144 Assam 2,034 2,914 43 Chhattisgarh 281 315 12

Jharkhand

69

 125 81 Meghalaya 215 261 21 Nagaland 6 6

0

Tripura

 25 43 72 Jharkhand 1,829 2,066 13 Goa 16 15

-6

Goa

 6 10 67 Chhattisgarh 2,313 2515 9 Jharkhand 390 341

-13

Arunachal Pradesh

 5 8 60 Tripura 215 230 7 Himachal Pradesh 466 396

-15

Himachal Pradesh

 334 521 56 Mizoram 7 7 0 Uttarakhand 682 546

-20

Sikkim

 33 51 55 Arunachal Pradesh 111 104 -6 Manipur 22 17

-23

Mizoram

 4 5 25 Uttarakhand 595 510 -14 Jammu & Kashmir 543 396

-27

Jammu & Kashmir

 543 665 22 Jammu & Kashmir 598 482 -19 Assam 199 137

-31

Meghalaya

 15 18 20 Manipur 78 62 -21 Meghalaya 5 3 -40

Chhattisgarh

 67 71 6 Himachal Pradesh 478 372 -22 Tripura 5 3

-40

Assam

 161 159 -1 Goa 17 13 -24 Mizoram 2 1

-50

Manipur

 23 17 -26 Nagaland 50 27 -46 Arunachal Pradesh 4 1

-75

Nagaland

 87 39 -55 Sikkim 27 4 -85 Sikkim 1 0

-100

 

Table 15: Milk production growth in EMPS from crossbred and indigenous cows and buffaloes, 2003 and 2012.

 

 Crossbred cows   Indigenous cows  

Buffaloes

State

 2003 (‘000 tonnes) 2012 (‘000 tonnes) Growth percentage State

2003

(‘000 tonnes)

2012

(‘000 tonnes)

 Growth percentage State 2003 (‘000 tonnes) 2012 (‘000 tonnes)

Growth percentage

Jammu & Kashmir

 NA 995 – Jammu & Kashmir NA 245 – Arunachal Pradesh NA 0

–

Himachal Pradesh

 133 532 300 Jharkhand 456 826 81 Jammu & Kashmir NA 294

–

Goa

 14 34 143 Nagaland 6 9 50 Mizoram 1 0

–

Tripura

 25 56 124 Chhattisgarh 448 651 45 Nagaland 1 4

329

Uttarakhand

 178 355 99 Uttarakhand 268 322 20 Jharkhand 281 633

125

Chhattisgarh

 51 87 71 Meghalaya 25 30 20 Sikkim 0.1 0.17

70

Assam

 150 234 56 Manipur 23 24 4 Chhattisgarh 272 375

38

Jharkhand

 94 136 45 Arunachal Pradesh 12 12 0 Assam 92 122

3

Manipur

 35 43 23 Assam 455 427 -6 Uttarakhand 742 801

8

Nagaland

 53 65 23 Tripura 56 51 -9 Himachal Pradesh 379 399

5

Meghalaya

 42 48 14 Goa 11 8 -27 Manipur 13 13

0

Mizoram

 11 12 9 Sikkim 10 7 -30 Meghalaya 2 2

0

Sikkim

 38 35 -8 Mizoram 3 2 -33 Goa 23 19

-17

Arunachal Pradesh

 34 11 -68 Himachal Pradesh 243 159 -35 Tripura 2 1

-46

858

 2,643 208 2,016 2,773 38 1,808 2,664

47

 

Table 16: Ranking of EMPS based on the growth of population and milk production.

State

Crossbred

 Indigenous

Buffaloes

Total

Points

Population

Milk

Production

 Points Population

Milk

Production

 Points Population Milk Production

Points

Nagaland

 1 2 2 3 2 6 3 3 9

17

Uttarakhand

 3 2 6 3 2 6 2 1 2

14

Goa

 3 2 6 3 1 3 3 1 3

12

Himachal Pradesh

 2 3 6 3 1 3 2 1 2

11

Jammu & Kashmir

 1 2 2 3 3 9 0 0 0

11

Manipur

 1 2 2 3 2 6 2 1 2

10

Tripura

 3 2 6 2 1 2 1 1 1

9

Arunachal Pradesh

 2 1 2 3 2 6 1 0 0

8

Chhattisgarh

 1 2 2 2 4 1 2 1 2

8

Sikkim

 2 1 2 3 1 3 1 2 2

7

Assam

 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2

5

Meghalaya

 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1

5

Mizoram

 1 2 2 3 1 3 1 0 0

5

 

Table 17: Ranking of EMPS based on growth rate in Productivity Index.

State

 Crossbreds Indigenous Buffaloes

   Total

Uttarakhand

 1 3 2

6

Nagaland

 3 3

6

Chhattisgarh

 2 1 2

5

Sikkim

 1 1 3

5

Assam

 3 1 1

5

Meghalaya

 1 1 2

4

Goa

 2 1 1

4

Himachal Pradesh

 3 1

4

Mizoram

 1 1 1

3

Tripura

 2 1

3

Arunachal Pradesh

 1 2

3

Manipur

 3

3

Jammu & Kashmir

 1

1

 

It is necessary that for another white revolution, all the States must participate equally and emphatically. The next phase of dairy development in India must further improve on the style of implementation by combining the knowledge revolution and the organisational reformation across India. The World Bank Institute has observed that time is very opportune for India to make its transition into a knowledge economy — that creates, disseminates, and uses knowledge to enhance its growth and development. The economy should harness and use new and existing knowledge to improve the productivity of agriculture, industry, and services and increase overall welfare.

It is rather important that milk production is increased by improving per animal productivity rather than by adding more number to the already burgeoning livestock population. More the number of animals that produce milk, more would be pressure on land and fiercer would be competition between man and animals for survival.